Annotated Bibliography
JVL. "Leo Frank." Leo Frank. Jewish Virtual Library, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/frank.html>.
This source's author is not clear and the sources where it got its information is
very clear (American Jewish Historical Society). This source does provide its
list of sources to where it got its information because it is only one place. This
source is credible because it is from a well known religious archives group.
The information in this source is backed up by fact yet it has a lot of bias in it.
The point of view of the author is clear in that Leo Frank was in the right and
the American Justice system was in the wrong. The author gives very basic
and straight fact information which is very helpful for surface level encyclopedic
information. The author however does not dive deeper into what was going on
historically at the time so we don't get any perspective of context.
McClymer, John. "The KKK in the 1920s." The KKK in the 1920s. Assumption
College, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.
This source's author is very clear yet the sources where it got its information is
not clear. This source does not provide a list of sources yet it does reference
where you can find all the information with some of them being hyperlinked. This
source is credible because it is in a college archives which are supposed to only
hold correct information. All throughout the source the author is using fact to
back his claims and thoughts. The author does not have a point of view on this
because it is just describing the Klan and the intricacies of the inner workings.
McClymer went past just surface information and really went in depth about the
thoughts and reasoning of the Klan. McClymer also explained what was going on
in the USA during the time period of the rise of the second Klan and gave us very
good historical perspective and context.
MSU. A Fundamental Klan Doctrine. Digital image. MSU Archive. Michigan State
University, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/
AmRadfundamentalclandoctrine.pdf>.
This is a Primary Source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the Author of this document is stated simply as "The Knights of the Ku
Klux Klan. This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University
archives and such a large college's archives information should be correct. This
source has very good information because it shows how the Klansman thought
by using a doctrine they wrote out. This source shows the rules and regulations
that the Ku Klux Klan had to follow, or at least give an attempt to follow. The rules
seem like suggested guidelines more than set in stone law.
MSU. Principles and Purposes of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Digital image.
MSU Archive. Michigan State University, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://
archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/AmRad/principlespurposesknights.pdf>.
This is a Primary source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the author of this document is stated as "An exalted Cyclops of The Order".
This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University archives
and such a large college's archives information should be correct. This source
has extremely good information because it shows the principles and purposes
of the Ku Klux Klan from how the Klansman believed it. This source gives you
a good understanding of why the Ku Klux Klan did what they did and why they
believed in what they did so strongly.
Newton, Michael, and Judy Ann Newton. The Ku Klux Klan: An Encyclopedia..
New York: Garland Pub., 1991. Print.
The author of this book is clearly stated as Michael Newton, and it has all of its
sources listed in the back of the book. Information in this source can be found
in other sources yet it would be hard to find as much information as this in one
place. The author has won many prizes from historical society's on his work,
and this source in particular won the 2002 Florida Historical Society's award
for best book in Florida history. The information is accurate and it is considered
an accurate encyclopedia on the Klan. This encyclopedia also provides both
historical perspective and context. This book really is great because of all of the
extra information it gives on everything. It also has a glossary of Klan terminology
which isn't just incredibly interesting, it is extremely helpful for understanding
most Klan documents.
PBS. "The People v. Leo Frank." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://
www.pbs.org/programs/people-v-leo-frank/>.
The author of this source is not clear and the sources where this source got its
information is also not clear as well. Information in this source can be found in
other places as well. The source comes from PBS which is one of the most well
known leaning organizations in the United States so it is extremely credible. This
source also only gives encyclopedic information and does not explain what was
going on in history at the time so you can not go any further than just the facts of
the event. This source explains the lynching of Leo Frank very well in not a lot of
writing which is very nice, it skims over all ot the non-important details that other
sources spend so much time on.
Proceedings of the Second Imperial Klovonkation. Digital image. Archive.
Archive.org, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://archive.org/stream/.
ProceddingsOfTheSecondImperialKlonvocation/Klon#page/n0/mode/
2up>.
This is a Primary Source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the Author of this document is stated simply as "The Knights of the Ku
Klux Klan. This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University
archives and such a large college's archives information should be correct.
This source has extremely good information because it shows beliefs of what
the "ideal Klansman" should be like and how they should conduct themselves
at all times. This document also explains the Kreed of the Klan, the officiating
positions officers could hold, what the meeting arrangements of the Klan looked
like, and how the Klan meetings were held and conducted.
W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998.
This was written by W.E.B. Du Bois. This is a credible source because it was
written in the Oxford university press which is known to be a credible source.
This source gave me a lot of information on the Klans creation and how blacks
were viewed as by them.
Wills, Brian Steel (1992). A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford
Forrest. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 336.
This is a Secondary source that is written by Brian Wills in 1992. This source
was only good for figuring out about Nathan Bedford Forrest's life, I only needed
a few facts about him. I double checked the information with other sources and
it all checked out as correct. It only had basic information in the source but since
that was all I needed it for it was extremely helpful.
Parsons, Elaine Frantz (2005). "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in
the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". The Journal of American History 92
(3): 811–836.
This is a secondary source written by Elaine Parsons. This was a credible source
because I went and double checked the information I used and it was the same
everywhere else. This source was used for finding out about the origins of the
Klan's name and why they wore the costumes in the first place.
William H. Frey, "The New Blah: Black Americans' Return to the Ghetto, 1965–
2000", The Brookings Institution, May 2004, pp. 1–3, accessed 19 Mar 2008
This is a secondary source and was written by William Frey. It was a credible
source because the Brookings Institution is a credible institution. I also double
checked the information just in case there was any discrepancies. I used this to
find the amount of people who migrated from the south to the north as a result of
Jim Crow laws and overt racism in the south. This was a very useful source.
http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1974/74_3_sloan.htm
This site was used to gather an image from 1923 which means it is outside of the
copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need to cite
each author individually.
http://kkk.org/kkk-pictures
This site was used to gather images from pre 1923 which means they are outside
of the copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need
to cite each author individually. This source was used to gather pictures of klan
gatherings and klan symbols.
KKK gathering at the Crystal Pool in downtown Seattle, March 23, 1923. Photo:
Washington State Historical Society
This site was used to gather an image from 1923 which means it is outside of the
copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need to cite
each author individually. This source was used for a picture of a klan gathering.
USG. "MONTGOMERY COUNTY, GA - OBITS Mincey, Shelton S. 1930." USG
War Archives. USG War Archives, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. <http://.
files.usgwarchives.net/ga/montgomery/obits/m/mincey.txt>.
This is a primary source because it is the obituary for S.S. Mincey. I used this
information to find out about the murder of S.S. Mincey and how he died. It was
very useful because it didn't skip over any more gruesome details and I was able
to get exactly what happened. This is a credible source because it is from the
United State Government War Archives.
Filmsite. "The Birth of a Nation (1915)." The Birth of a Nation (1915). Filmsite,
n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was used to find out facts about the movie "The
Birth of a Nation." After double checking the information about the movie with
other sources I was able to deem it credible. It was very useful for the basic
information I needed.
Griffey, Trevor. "Ku Klux Klan Gathering, Crystal Pool (2nd and Lenora) in
Downtown Seattle, WA. March 23, 1923. Photo Courtesy of the
Washington State Historical Society." Ku Klux Klan in Washington State,
1920s. Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project, n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was written by Trevor Griffey. It was useful in
finding out the actual size of the Klans and how many members they had at their
epitome's. I double checked the facts and they were the same across the board
so even though the author isn't backed by a large organization it is credible.
Bernstein, Patricia. The First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington
and the Rise of the NAACP. College Station: Texas A & M UP, 2005. 176.
Print.
This is a secondary source that was written by Patricia Bernstein. I used this
source to find out about different lynching incidents and the victims of these
incidents. This is a credible source because it is from a credible large college
(Texas A&M). It did a very in depth account for all of its information it had and
was one of the better sources I ended up using.
Mercer, Deborah. "Unit 8 The Rise of Jim Crow and the Nadir, 1878-1915."
Welcome.New Jersey HIstorical Comission, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was written by Deborah Mercer. This source
was used to find out about the Nadir of Race Relations in the United States. I
was aware of this time period I just had not heard this term used for it. This is a
credible source because it is in a state regulated historical commission. This was
a very useful source.
US Congress. Fort Pillow Massacre. Washington: Washington, 1864. Print.
This is a primary source because it was written during the same year as the
massacre and was the first full documentation on the incident. It was written by
the United States Joint Comittee. It was a very useful source in order to find out
about the fort pillow massacre. It is credible because it was written by the United
States Congress.
BrainyQuote. "Klan Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source because it was quotes taken from people looking
back on the times. This is a credible source because the quotes are from known
respectable people. This was used to get some quotes in my project. It was very
useful to see differing viewpoints.
JVL. "Leo Frank." Leo Frank. Jewish Virtual Library, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/frank.html>.
This source's author is not clear and the sources where it got its information is
very clear (American Jewish Historical Society). This source does provide its
list of sources to where it got its information because it is only one place. This
source is credible because it is from a well known religious archives group.
The information in this source is backed up by fact yet it has a lot of bias in it.
The point of view of the author is clear in that Leo Frank was in the right and
the American Justice system was in the wrong. The author gives very basic
and straight fact information which is very helpful for surface level encyclopedic
information. The author however does not dive deeper into what was going on
historically at the time so we don't get any perspective of context.
McClymer, John. "The KKK in the 1920s." The KKK in the 1920s. Assumption
College, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.
This source's author is very clear yet the sources where it got its information is
not clear. This source does not provide a list of sources yet it does reference
where you can find all the information with some of them being hyperlinked. This
source is credible because it is in a college archives which are supposed to only
hold correct information. All throughout the source the author is using fact to
back his claims and thoughts. The author does not have a point of view on this
because it is just describing the Klan and the intricacies of the inner workings.
McClymer went past just surface information and really went in depth about the
thoughts and reasoning of the Klan. McClymer also explained what was going on
in the USA during the time period of the rise of the second Klan and gave us very
good historical perspective and context.
MSU. A Fundamental Klan Doctrine. Digital image. MSU Archive. Michigan State
University, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/
AmRadfundamentalclandoctrine.pdf>.
This is a Primary Source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the Author of this document is stated simply as "The Knights of the Ku
Klux Klan. This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University
archives and such a large college's archives information should be correct. This
source has very good information because it shows how the Klansman thought
by using a doctrine they wrote out. This source shows the rules and regulations
that the Ku Klux Klan had to follow, or at least give an attempt to follow. The rules
seem like suggested guidelines more than set in stone law.
MSU. Principles and Purposes of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Digital image.
MSU Archive. Michigan State University, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://
archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/AmRad/principlespurposesknights.pdf>.
This is a Primary source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the author of this document is stated as "An exalted Cyclops of The Order".
This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University archives
and such a large college's archives information should be correct. This source
has extremely good information because it shows the principles and purposes
of the Ku Klux Klan from how the Klansman believed it. This source gives you
a good understanding of why the Ku Klux Klan did what they did and why they
believed in what they did so strongly.
Newton, Michael, and Judy Ann Newton. The Ku Klux Klan: An Encyclopedia..
New York: Garland Pub., 1991. Print.
The author of this book is clearly stated as Michael Newton, and it has all of its
sources listed in the back of the book. Information in this source can be found
in other sources yet it would be hard to find as much information as this in one
place. The author has won many prizes from historical society's on his work,
and this source in particular won the 2002 Florida Historical Society's award
for best book in Florida history. The information is accurate and it is considered
an accurate encyclopedia on the Klan. This encyclopedia also provides both
historical perspective and context. This book really is great because of all of the
extra information it gives on everything. It also has a glossary of Klan terminology
which isn't just incredibly interesting, it is extremely helpful for understanding
most Klan documents.
PBS. "The People v. Leo Frank." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://
www.pbs.org/programs/people-v-leo-frank/>.
The author of this source is not clear and the sources where this source got its
information is also not clear as well. Information in this source can be found in
other places as well. The source comes from PBS which is one of the most well
known leaning organizations in the United States so it is extremely credible. This
source also only gives encyclopedic information and does not explain what was
going on in history at the time so you can not go any further than just the facts of
the event. This source explains the lynching of Leo Frank very well in not a lot of
writing which is very nice, it skims over all ot the non-important details that other
sources spend so much time on.
Proceedings of the Second Imperial Klovonkation. Digital image. Archive.
Archive.org, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. <http://archive.org/stream/.
ProceddingsOfTheSecondImperialKlonvocation/Klon#page/n0/mode/
2up>.
This is a Primary Source so it does not have any sources it needs to reference.
Also the Author of this document is stated simply as "The Knights of the Ku
Klux Klan. This source is credible because it is in the Michigan State University
archives and such a large college's archives information should be correct.
This source has extremely good information because it shows beliefs of what
the "ideal Klansman" should be like and how they should conduct themselves
at all times. This document also explains the Kreed of the Klan, the officiating
positions officers could hold, what the meeting arrangements of the Klan looked
like, and how the Klan meetings were held and conducted.
W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: 1860–1880, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1935; reprint, The Free Press, 1998.
This was written by W.E.B. Du Bois. This is a credible source because it was
written in the Oxford university press which is known to be a credible source.
This source gave me a lot of information on the Klans creation and how blacks
were viewed as by them.
Wills, Brian Steel (1992). A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford
Forrest. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 336.
This is a Secondary source that is written by Brian Wills in 1992. This source
was only good for figuring out about Nathan Bedford Forrest's life, I only needed
a few facts about him. I double checked the information with other sources and
it all checked out as correct. It only had basic information in the source but since
that was all I needed it for it was extremely helpful.
Parsons, Elaine Frantz (2005). "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in
the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". The Journal of American History 92
(3): 811–836.
This is a secondary source written by Elaine Parsons. This was a credible source
because I went and double checked the information I used and it was the same
everywhere else. This source was used for finding out about the origins of the
Klan's name and why they wore the costumes in the first place.
William H. Frey, "The New Blah: Black Americans' Return to the Ghetto, 1965–
2000", The Brookings Institution, May 2004, pp. 1–3, accessed 19 Mar 2008
This is a secondary source and was written by William Frey. It was a credible
source because the Brookings Institution is a credible institution. I also double
checked the information just in case there was any discrepancies. I used this to
find the amount of people who migrated from the south to the north as a result of
Jim Crow laws and overt racism in the south. This was a very useful source.
http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1974/74_3_sloan.htm
This site was used to gather an image from 1923 which means it is outside of the
copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need to cite
each author individually.
http://kkk.org/kkk-pictures
This site was used to gather images from pre 1923 which means they are outside
of the copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need
to cite each author individually. This source was used to gather pictures of klan
gatherings and klan symbols.
KKK gathering at the Crystal Pool in downtown Seattle, March 23, 1923. Photo:
Washington State Historical Society
This site was used to gather an image from 1923 which means it is outside of the
copyright terms. They are in the public domain which means I do not need to cite
each author individually. This source was used for a picture of a klan gathering.
USG. "MONTGOMERY COUNTY, GA - OBITS Mincey, Shelton S. 1930." USG
War Archives. USG War Archives, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. <http://.
files.usgwarchives.net/ga/montgomery/obits/m/mincey.txt>.
This is a primary source because it is the obituary for S.S. Mincey. I used this
information to find out about the murder of S.S. Mincey and how he died. It was
very useful because it didn't skip over any more gruesome details and I was able
to get exactly what happened. This is a credible source because it is from the
United State Government War Archives.
Filmsite. "The Birth of a Nation (1915)." The Birth of a Nation (1915). Filmsite,
n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was used to find out facts about the movie "The
Birth of a Nation." After double checking the information about the movie with
other sources I was able to deem it credible. It was very useful for the basic
information I needed.
Griffey, Trevor. "Ku Klux Klan Gathering, Crystal Pool (2nd and Lenora) in
Downtown Seattle, WA. March 23, 1923. Photo Courtesy of the
Washington State Historical Society." Ku Klux Klan in Washington State,
1920s. Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project, n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was written by Trevor Griffey. It was useful in
finding out the actual size of the Klans and how many members they had at their
epitome's. I double checked the facts and they were the same across the board
so even though the author isn't backed by a large organization it is credible.
Bernstein, Patricia. The First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington
and the Rise of the NAACP. College Station: Texas A & M UP, 2005. 176.
Print.
This is a secondary source that was written by Patricia Bernstein. I used this
source to find out about different lynching incidents and the victims of these
incidents. This is a credible source because it is from a credible large college
(Texas A&M). It did a very in depth account for all of its information it had and
was one of the better sources I ended up using.
Mercer, Deborah. "Unit 8 The Rise of Jim Crow and the Nadir, 1878-1915."
Welcome.New Jersey HIstorical Comission, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source and was written by Deborah Mercer. This source
was used to find out about the Nadir of Race Relations in the United States. I
was aware of this time period I just had not heard this term used for it. This is a
credible source because it is in a state regulated historical commission. This was
a very useful source.
US Congress. Fort Pillow Massacre. Washington: Washington, 1864. Print.
This is a primary source because it was written during the same year as the
massacre and was the first full documentation on the incident. It was written by
the United States Joint Comittee. It was a very useful source in order to find out
about the fort pillow massacre. It is credible because it was written by the United
States Congress.
BrainyQuote. "Klan Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.
This is a secondary source because it was quotes taken from people looking
back on the times. This is a credible source because the quotes are from known
respectable people. This was used to get some quotes in my project. It was very
useful to see differing viewpoints.